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School Discipline

We analyze novel disciplinary referral data to investigate racial disparities in exclusionary discipline, which disproportionately affects students of color and contributes to adverse academic and social outcomes. This research aims to identify systemic patterns and inform more equitable and effective disciplinary policies.

Highlighted Publications

. Jing Liu, Michael S Hayes, Seth Gershenson. Journal of Urban Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2022.103453
. Jing Liu, Emily K Penner, Wenjing Gao. Educational Researcher. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X231179649
. Michael S Hayes, Jing Liu, Seth Gershenson. Economics of Education Review. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2023.102376
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